Sunday, 5 April 2015

Princess Health andPlight of woman needing lung transplant, who has fallen through the cracks of the health-care system, gets attention from CNN.Princessiccia

Update: CNN reports that Kentucky issued a Medicaid provider number to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and the hospital confirmed that they now have enrolled in Kentucky Medicaid and are working to complete the enrollment of some of their physicians, all of which helps clear the way for Katie Prager to get her lung transplant.  "Kentucky Medicaid executives are helping us to get this done in a streamlined fashion that overcomes previous administrative hurdles and misunderstandings in this complex case," Wendy Zellner, a spokeswoman for UPMC, told CNN. Dalton, Katie's husband, has since been discharged from the Pittsburgh hospital where he received his lung transplants in November and has returned to Kentucky. CNN reports Katie and Dalton were only able to communicate through the doorway of her University of Kentucky hospital room because of his risk of getting Katie's infection, which could kill him.

A 24-year-old Kentucky woman with cystic fibrosis who needs a lung transplant to live is caught in the middle of a financial and policy battle among Medicare, Medicaid, a state agency and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, one of only two hospitals in the United States qualified to do lung transplants on patients with her specialized condition.

Prager at University of Kentucky hospital (Image from CNN)
"I feel like they're putting a dollar sign on my life," Katie Prager of Ewing, in Fleming County, told CNN. "I don't want to die because of money. That's stupid. Nobody should have to do that." Katie's story was first reported by The Ledger Independent of Maysville and excerpted in Kentucky Health News.

Katie longs to be with her husband, Dalton Prager, but can't until she gets her lung transplant because in addition to cystic fibrosis, she has an infection, Burkholderia cepacia, that is "horribly dangerous" to him, Elizabeth Cohen and John Bonifield report for CNN. Dalton, who also has cystic fibrosis, received his lung transplants Nov. 17 at the Pittsburgh hospital, and the immunity-suppressing drugs he takes for the transplants make him highly vulnerable to infection.

"I just want to make it to see our four-year anniversary in July and be able to hold hands and just hug. That's all I really want -- to be able to hug my husband on our fourth anniversary," Katie told CNN.

Katie and Dalton met on Facebook in 2009 when they were 18 and Dalton lived in Missouri and Katie in Kentucky. And though Katie's doctors had warned her many times that it was dangerous to be around other CF patients because of the risk of shared infections, Katie decided to meet Dalton, even after he had told her he had Burkholderia cepacia, CNN reports. They married two years later.

Photo from CNN
"I told Dalton I'd rather be happy -- like really, really happy -- for five years of my life and die sooner than be mediocre happy and live for 20 years," she told CNN. "That was definitely something I had to think about, but when you have those feelings, you just know."

Their health "quickly deteriorated, and within months, they went on oxygen full time" and had to quit work, CNN reports. They entered the Pittsburgh hospital together in August 2014 to wait for new lungs. Dalton got his in November; Katie is still waiting.

One month after Dalton got his transplants, UPMC discharged Katie because they told her "It would be psychologically good for her to get out for a while," she told CNN. After only three days out she began to have "serious trouble breathing" and tried to go back into the hospital, but was told she could not return because "she had used up her supply of Medicare days."

Medicare wouldn't pay for another hospitalization until Katie had been out of the hospital for 60 days. She is too sick to do that, and has since been a patient at the University of Kentucky, where she relies on the federal-state Medicaid program for the poor and disabled to pay for her care, and doctors have predicted that she won't live a year without new lungs, CNN reports.

Medicaid cannot pay the Pittsburgh hospital because it is not in the state's network of health-care providers. CNN reports that Katie's doctor wrote a letter to Medicaid begging them to make an exception, but the state denied his plea. In a statement to CNN, a spokeswoman for the state Cabinet for Health and Family Services said the hospital had declined to enroll as a Kentucky Medicaid provider. "Medicaid policies allow for a simplified enrollment process for out-of-state providers in such situations," Gwenda Bond, spokeswoman for the cabinet wrote, offering to expedite their application when they choose to sign up.

Hospital officials counter that Kentucky officials said they would have to "sign up hundreds of their doctors to accept Kentucky Medicaid patients," which hospital spokeswoman Wendy Zellner said is "an unusually restrictive approach and contrary to single-case agreements that we have signed with other state Medicaid programs. . . . It is up to Kentucky Medicaid to address this situation."

Katie has also since had a discussion with a federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services caseworker that "didn't go very well," CNN reports. Katie told CNN that the caller was "rude, mean, and angry" and "acted like it was just a pain to have to be talking to me," but said "she would look into her situation." On April 1, CMS spokesman Aaron Albright told CNN that the federal agency was "reaching out to the state agency," and later in the day Zellner said the state agency "has reached out to us to talk. So stay tuned."

The news cheered the Pragers, who continued to talk via Skype and work on their fundraising Facebook page, while dreaming of a future together, CNN reports.

Friday, 3 April 2015

Princess Health and2015 ATB.Princessiccia

The 2015 ATB road race was an outstanding event for the team.  The 5K produced two new club records, while the 30K produced many unbelievable personal bests.  Check out our team stats and Strava playback HERE.

Here are the full results:


5K:

Adam Hortian showed his fitness is coming quickly.  One of his best 5K's in recent years, Adam set a new
club record in the 5K running 15:13, placing 3rd OA.

RunnerRob had a great return from Kenya, running a new PB of 16:02 and cracking the top 10.

Steph Hortian also had a record breaking run for the team.  She ran a new H+P club record of 18:44, and placed 4th OA.

30K:

Just coming off base running mileage, Dave ran an outstanding PB (by 1:27) of 2:03:39

Mailman had one of his best performances ever.  He ran a great time of 2:04:07, a new personal best by about 4.5 minutes!

Holger came in next for the team with a great time of 2:07:43.

Battling a knee injury coming into the event, Mike still managed a very solid time of just over 2:10.

In next for the team, and our first female runner was Val Hobson!  She crushed the race, posting a 10 minute PB of 2:12, and placed 3rd in a very competitive AG at a very deep race.

Our swim coach, Emily Hunter, was in next for the team with a time of 2:15.  This was good for a 22 minute PB!

Vicki Z was in next.  She ALSO posted an outstanding PB of 2:22:07, and also managed to PB her half marathon en-route.

Tracy came in next with a massive new PB of 2:25, which also included an en-route 1/2 marathon PB!

Jonathan posted a great time of 2:26 in his first time running the 30K.

Sam Lalonde (aka Whiz Kid) posted a massive 20 minute personal best of 2:28.

Helen came in next for the team with a time of 2:31- good enough for a 16 minute personal best!

Coming back from a concussion that took him out for all of February, Justin still managed a very respectable 2:45!

Jessica R came in with a new personal best of just under two hours, a PB by 13:36!

Cari had an outstanding performance.  Despite facing numerous training roadblocks in 2015, she manged to crush her personal best by 28 minutes, running 3:16!

The Heijs ran once in February and twice in March- but they both still completed the 30K and actually came out to practice on the Monday and were still mobile!

Up next for the team: the Toronto Yonge Street 10K!
#cantwontstop
Princess Health and The Troubles at Cooper Continue, Lately Gruesomely, But Will Its Leadership and Governance Change This Time? - Part II: the History since 2005. Princessiccia

Princess Health and The Troubles at Cooper Continue, Lately Gruesomely, But Will Its Leadership and Governance Change This Time? - Part II: the History since 2005. Princessiccia

In our most recent post, we noted the latest tragic, and gruesome development at Cooper Health System, the largest hospital system in southern New Jersey.  Months after the system CEO, John F Sheridan, and his wife Joyce were found dead after a fire in their home, local law enforcement concluded that Mr Sheridan murdered his wife, set fire to the house, then committed suicide.  It turns out this is just the latest, albeit possibly most tragic and grisly, troubling news from that health care system.

Our last post summarized the history from 1978, including:
-  Seven people, including the hospital system chief financial officer, confessed to and/or found guilty of participating in an embezzlement scheme that cost the hospital more than $21 million
-  An internal investigation was suppressed for years, but later revealed several severe management problems
-  The media revealed multiple conflicts of interest affecting the system's board of trustees, including members of the committee that performed the investigation
-  One member of the board of trustees who participated in the internal investigation was later convicted of arranging his wife's murder
-  Resulting financial losses caused layoffs and service reductions, some of which affected the hospital system's charitable mission
-  The stories received little attention outside the region, and apparently did not result in any fundamental changes in governance or the structure of leadership.

Since 2005, there have been other troubles at Cooper.

Conflicts of Interest Involving Local and State Politics

Board Chairman George E Norcross III

In 2006, the Philadelphia Inquirer found close ties between NJ politicians and hospital leaders (see this post).  In particular, the story noted "the board of South Jersey's major hospital, Cooper University Hospital in Camden, is chaired by the region's most powerful political figure, Democratic power broker George E. Norcross III."

In 2012, as we posted here, Mr Norcross' relationships became more evident.   The New York Times reported that a story about his conflicts of interest had been held from publication by the Inquirer because Mr Norcross was part of a business group seeking to purchase that newspaper.  When the Inquirer story finally came out, it stated firms with financial relationships to the hospital under Norcross had donated generously to Norcross' political allies, and that Norcross had influenced the creation of relationships with these firms.  It suggested that Norcross' political influence had resulted in an unusual level of state financial support for the hospital system.  It noted that the law firm for which Cooper CEO John F Sheridan had previously worked did lobbying for the hospital.  It noted that the hospital did millions of dollars of business with firms tied to hospital trustees, including Mr Norcross.

Trustee Emeritus Peter Driscoll

Recent reporting after Mr Sheridan's death suggested the rehabilitation of former board chairman Peter Driscoll under Chairman Norcross.  Mr Driscoll was the former board chair who resigned in 1999 after the embezzlement scandal report and revelations about conflicts of interest affecting the board were finally made public, and the hospital system was in financial difficulty.  However, by 2014, he was identified by the board as a "trustee emeritus."  Per the Philadelphia Inquirer, after the fire at the Sheridan house was attributed to arson,

'If they had died because the house was on fire, that would be a terrible, terrible tragedy,' said Cooper Health System trustee Peter E. Driscoll, a senior member of the Haddonfield law firm of Archer & Greiner. '. . .I don't know what to make of it. I can't imagine anybody that would want to do something like this.'
New Vice President Kevin O'Dowd and his Family

Also after Mr Sheridan's death, the hospital system hired a new top manager with his own extensive political connections and conflicts of interest.  Per the Inquirer,

Gov. Christie's chief of staff, Kevin O'Dowd, will step down this month to work for Cooper University Hospital in Camden, nearly a year after the governor named O'Dowd his pick for attorney general.

O'Dowd, whose selection as attorney general never moved forward after controversy arose over lane closures on the George Washington Bridge, will serve as senior executive vice president and chief administrative officer at Cooper, where he will focus on business development, Christie officials said. He will start at Cooper in January.

The conflict was

 O'Dowd's wife, Mary, serves as commissioner of the state Department of Health.

A NJ.com story made that more explicit,

 State Health Commissioner Mary O�Dowd will refrain from making decisions that would directly affect Cooper University Hospital in Camden after her husband accepted a senior management job there, officials said Friday night.

The move was made to avoid any conflicts of interest as the state Department of Health licenses and inspects hospitals, and doles out money to compensate them for treating uninsured charity care patients. Cooper will receive $37.3 million in charity care payments from the state this year, the fifth highest amount in the state.

A story in the NJ Spotlight suggested that would not solve the problem,


The question that the O�Dowds will have to face is whether they can overcome even the perception of a conflict of interest when their jobs so pervasively present opportunities for such a situation.

'It�s a very, very tenuous situation,' said William Schluter, a former longtime member of the State Ethics Commission and state senator.

He noted that nearly everything that senior hospital executives do in their jobs is influenced by state regulations.

'It�s a situation that I sure as heck wouldn�t want to be in,' said Schluter, adding that he expects second-guessing in the media and by elected officials as the state handles issues affecting Cooper.

Just to ice the cake for Mr O'Dowd, the Courier-Post noted that Mr O'Dowd's job at Cooper could be considered an example of the revolving door, albeit delayed,

O'Dowd, previously the governor's deputy chief counsel, also worked under Christie at the U.S. Attorney's Office for New Jersey.

During seven years as an assistant United States attorney, O'Dowd oversaw a securities and healthcare fraud unit. He also prosecuted cases ranging from child pornography distribution, cybercrime and drug trafficking.

O'Dowd served earlier as a state Deputy Attorney General, where his responsibilities included providing legal counsel to the state Department of Health.

As US Attorney, Christie, possibly with the aid of Mr O'Dowd, pursued a deferred prosecution agreement for UMDNJ, then Cooper's primary academic affiliation, for a complicated set of allegations that we discussed extensively in the past (look at this post and follow links backward).  

Late CEO John F Sheridan and Family


Apparently only after Mr Sheridan's death did the media report extensively on his political connections.  The earliest report I found was in the Philadelphia Inquirer from September 28, 2014.  He served

on Gov. Christie's health-care transition subcommittee in 2010.

The statement said he was New Jersey commissioner of transportation under Gov. Thomas H. Kean and served as New Jersey deputy attorney general and assistant counsel for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority, and was counsel for the New Jersey Senate majority.

Also,

 his son Mark - a prominent lawyer ... has represented Christie in the Bridgegate scandal 

NJ.com added,

John Sheridan Jr., the CEO of Cooper University Health System ... previously spent 40 years in New Jersey government

Also,

He has held positions on Gov. Thomas Kean's cabinet as transportation commissioner and chairman of the New Jersey Transit board, as well as held roles on transition teams for Gov. Chris Christie and Gov. Christine Todd Whitman. 

Furthermore,

 Earlier in his career, he served as Deputy Attorney General of the State of New Jersey, Assistant Counsel to Gov. William T. Cahill, General Counsel to the New Jersey Turnpike Authority and Counsel to the New Jersey Senate Majority.

Finally, his son

Mark Sheridan, a partner at Squire Patton Boggs, acts as general counsel for the New Jersey Republican State Committee.

 So, in the years since conflicts of interest at the board of trustees level were noted as part of the investigation after the management embezzlement scandal at Cooper, many more apparent conflicts affecting top managers and board members have appeared, most recently in late 2014. 


Settlement of Allegations of Kickbacks

In 2013, the media reported that Cooper settled federal allegations that it gave kickbacks to doctors to induce referrals.  As reported by the Inquirer,


The Cooper Health System in Camden has agreed to pay $12.6 million to settle a whistle-blower lawsuit alleging that it made improper payments to doctors in an effort to build its cardiology business, the U.S. attorney for the District of New Jersey said Thursday.

From October 2004 through 2010, local doctors were paid $18,000 to attend four meetings of the Cooper Heart Institute Advisory Board in any given year under 'consulting' and 'compensation' agreements, in possible violation of antikickback laws, state and federal law enforcement officials contended.

The whistle-blower was South Jersey cardiologist Nicholas L. DePace. He attended an advisory board meeting in 2007 and was convinced that the board's purpose was not to provide advice to Cooper, but to be a source of patient referrals to the Heart Institute, according to a lawsuit he filed in 2008.

'He was invited to be a member of the advisory board. He attended a meeting and it quickly became apparent to him what the advisory board really was. It was sitting and listening to lectures and not providing advisory services,' said Michael A. Morse, a partner in Pietragallo, Gordon, Alfano, Bosick & Raspanti L.L.P. in Philadelphia, one of DePace's lawyers.

As is typical of legal settlements involving prominent health care organizations,


Cooper admitted no liability.

'After more than three years of extended discussions with government lawyers, we decided, in the best interests of Cooper, to settle our dispute without the admission of wrongdoing to avoid the burdens and uncertainties of a protracted litigation,' Cooper president and chief executive officer John P. Sheridan Jr. said. 'This allows us to focus our full energies on serving our community.'

In a note to Cooper employees, Sheridan said the board was established to 'improve the quality and responsiveness of our cardiac programs' and 'was reviewed by outside legal counsel before it began operations.

However, given that the Inquirer reported that "the $12.6 million penalty is financially significant for Cooper," one wonders why it was made if hospital leadership felt that the case against it was poor.  

So years after the embezzlement scandal, another scandal involving allegations of illegal behavior was settled.  This time, there was no trial, but since the settlement was financially burdensome for the hospital, it is plausible that it resulted from managers' realization that they would not have a good defense against the charges at trial. 

The Death of the Sheridans

Mr Sheridan became CEO of Cooper in 2008.  As noted in the Gloucester County Times,

On Feb. 7 John P. Sheridan Jr., was appointed president and chief executive officer of The Cooper Health System by the Cooper Board of Trustees. Sheridan joined Cooper as senior executive vice president in July 2005 and has served as president of Cooper University Hospital since September of 2007.

'Cooper has grown dramatically in recent years and is positioned as the academic medical leader of South Jersey,' said George E. Norcross III, chairman of the Board of Trustees at Cooper.  'John Sheridan is a proven leader. He has the skills required to build-out our $500 million health care campus in Camden, implement our suburban strategy and achieve our vision of creating the premier academic health care system in South Jersey and the Delaware Valley.'

As of early 2014, he was getting substantial compensation typical for a hospital system CEO, per NJBiz, "John T. Sheridan Jr. (of the $913 million Cooper Health System) received $963,433."

In late September, 2014, Mr Sheridan and his wife were found dead in a house fire.  Initial reports suggested the fire was accidental.  Then it was declared to be arson.  Then Joyce Sheridan's death was found to be the result of a homicide.  Finally, as we posted here, law enforcement declared that Mr Sheridan killed his wife, set the fire, and then committed suicide.

That news was so horrendous that it dumbfounded Cooper insiders.  As reported by the Inquirer,

 'It's not something I can imagine,' said Peter Driscoll, a Cooper Health System trustee emeritus and a senior member of the Haddonfield law firm Archer & Greiner. 

Also,


In a brief statement, Cooper University Health Care called the prosecutor's findings 'unfathomable to us.'

I can only hope that they will get over their shock and realize that the institution really has some big problems. 

Summary

Since 1978, there have been multiple stories about mismanagement, conflicts of interest affecting managers and board members, and crimes committed or alleged to have been committed by management and at least one trustee at Cooper Hospital/UMC which then became Cooper Health System.  Despite these often lurid stories, there is no indication that there has been a fundamental change in the governance of the institution.  While managers have come and gone, sometimes under difficult circumstances, there is no indication that how managers were hired has changed.  Since the early 1990s, there has been no obvious effort made by management or board members to change, at least not one announced publicly.  There has been no outside investigation.

Given that the hospital system has long enjoyed a cozy relationship with state government, including both the legislative and executive branch, maybe it has been easy to go along to get along.  More cozy relationships, including some with ownership of the news media, may have helped to keep this story anechoic outside of the region.

Yet the cumulative story is so striking that it should prompt national attention, and inspire some real hard thought about how health care leadership and governance has gotten so bad.

To repeat what I have said all too often, and I admit with little impact so far....

True health care reform requires governance that is accountable, transparent, true to the organization's mission, and honest, ethical, and without conflicts of interest; and leadership that understands health care, upholds its values, is honest, ethical, and without conflicts of interest, is transparent and open, and is willing to be accountable and subject to appropriate incentives. 





Princess Health andStudy of poor but healthy Appalachian counties aims to find community-based approaches to improving the region's health .Princessiccia

Princess Health andStudy of poor but healthy Appalachian counties aims to find community-based approaches to improving the region's health .Princessiccia

Though some people equate Appalachian areas with poverty, David Krol seeks to "shine a light" on a different picture�one that reflects "how health can flourish across Appalachia," despite data that confirms economic hardship, Krol writes for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

While Krol was reviewing the Appalachian Regional Commission's county-based economic data, which compares economic indicators like poverty and unemployment rates with national averages and then ranks each county, it occurred to him to overlay this county index with the annual County Health Rankings.

For the most part, Krol said he found what he expected, "that the most economically distressed counties in Appalachia would also be in the lowest quartiles of health outcomes and factors for their state." But some counties that were economically distressed ranked in the top quarter of their state in health factors and outcomes.

"What was it about Wirt County, West Virginia; Pickett County, Tennessee; and Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, that helped them overcome significant economic challenges towards better health outcomes when similarly distressed counties in the same state did not?" he wrote.

The need to know why these "unexpected outliers" occurred has prompted Krol, with the help of the ARC and the Foundation for a Healthy Kentucky, to study how these counties have accomplished this and to look at whether this could be re-created in similar communities.

"This approach is rooted in the belief that communities have the best solutions to the problems they face�as opposed to solutions driven by outside experts," he wrote.

It�s an opportunity to �go beyond the data.. to community conversations about what�s important,� Susan Zepeda, CEO of the foundation, told Krol.

Krol wrote, "Quantitative data can get only get us so far�it�s up to us to ask those critical questions of �Why? How? What can be done? It�s up to us to turn data into action."

Thursday, 2 April 2015

Princess Health andDoctors don't tell most patients or caregivers about a diagnosis of Alzheimer's until the disease advances, advocacy group says.Princessiccia

Every 67 seconds someone in the U.S. develops Alzheimer�s disease and most don't find out they have it until their disease becomes more advanced, according to a report by the Alzheimer's Association.

The organization's 2015 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures report says only 45 percent of people with the disease, or their caregivers, were told their diagnosis by their doctor.

One reason, the report says, is that they don't want to cause the patient emotional distress, but the report says studies have found that "few patients become depressed or have other long-term emotional problems" when they learn of their diagnosis.

The Alzheimer's Association says early disclosure of the diagnosis "should be standard practice" because it allows the patient to participate in early decision making about their care plans, deal with legal and financial issues, decide if they would like to participate in research, and gives them time to fulfill lifelong plans. The association said in the release that not enough resources and education are in place to help medical providers with "best practices for telling patients and their families."

"Telling patients the truth about their diagnosis allows them to seek treatment early, when it�s likely to be more effective, and gives them a voice in planning how they want to live the rest of their lives," DeeAnna Esslinger, executive director of the Greater Kentucky and Southern Indiana Chapter of the Alzheimer�s Association, said in a press release.

The report says an estimated 5.3 million Americans have Alzheimer�s disease, including 68,000 Kentuckians. And barring the development of medical breakthroughs, the report says the number of Americans with the disease will rise to 13.8 million by 2050. Other items from the report:
  • Almost half a million people age 65 or older will develop Alzheimer�s in the U.S. this year.
  • By 2050, an American will develop the disease an average of every 33 seconds.
  • Two-thirds of Americans over age 65 with Alzheimer�s (3.2 million) are women.
  • Alzheimer�sis the sixth-leading cause of death in the U.S.
  • In Kentucky, 1,462 people died with Alzheimer�s in 2012, a 74 percent increase since 2000.
  • Nationwide from 2000-2013, the number of Alzheimer�s deaths increased 71 percent, while deaths from other major diseases decreased.
The cost to care for Americans with Alzheimer's and other dementias in 2015 are estimated at $226 billion, of which $153 billion is the cost to Medicare and Medicaid alone, making Alzheimer's the costliest disease to society, the release says. The report projected this cost will increase to more than $1 trillion in 2050.

�Alzheimer�s is a triple threat unlike any other disease � with soaring prevalence, lack of effective treatment and enormous costs. Promising research is ready for the pipeline, but there�s an urgent need to accelerate federal funding to find treatment options that effectively prevent and treat Alzheimer�s," Beth Kallmyer, vice president of constituent services for the Alzheimer�s Association, said in a release.

Princess Health andInitial research is promising for an ancient combination of natural ingredients to kill MRSA, an antibiotic-resistant superbug.Princessiccia

Princess Health andInitial research is promising for an ancient combination of natural ingredients to kill MRSA, an antibiotic-resistant superbug.Princessiccia

Researchers in England say an ancient folk cure might help kill the superbug MRSA, Justin Moyer reports for The Washington Post.

MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is among the infections that have grown resistant to antibiotics because the drugs have been overused, and scientists have been fighting it technologically, Moyer writes.

But researchers have recently found that MRSA is "vulnerable to an ancient remedy" made of garlic, some onion or leek, copper, wine and oxgall, or cow�s bile. Garlic and copper have been thought to have antibiotic or antimicrobial properties.

�We were absolutely blown away by just how effective the combination of ingredients was,� Freya Harrison, one of the researchers from the University of Nottingham, told the BBC, Moyer reports.

The remedy, called eye salve, was found in a manuscript written in Old English from the 10th century called "Bald's Leechbook," a well-respected physician's desk reference from that time, Moyer reports.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated MRSA contributed to the deaths of more than 5,000 people in the United States in 2013, Moyer reports. Kentucky has the third highest rate of MRSA bloodstream infections in the nation, according to the National Healthcare Safety Network. Moyer writes that "some say it could eventually kill more people than cancer."

Moyer notes that the abstract for a conference at which the research will be presented cautions that "oxgall was no cure-all," saying, "Antibacterial activity of a substance in laboratory trials does not necessarily mean the historical remedy it was taken from actually worked in toto.�

Christina Lee, an associate professor in Viking studies at Nottingham, told Moyer "that it was the combination of ingredients that proved effective against MRSA, which shows that people living in medieval times were not as barbaric as popularly thought."

Princess Health andPolling shows Kentucky ranks third in share of residents, 24.5 percent, who say they take mood-altering drugs every day.Princessiccia

Kentucky is the place to be for mood-altering drugs. The state ranked third in a Gallup Organization study that asked 450 adults in each state how often they use drugs and medications to affect their mood or relax them, Christopher Ingraham reports for The Washington Post. West Virginia led, with 28.1 percent of respondents saying they use mood-altering drugs every day, Rhode Island was second at 25.9 percent, but Kentucky was not far behind at 24.5 percent.

Nationally, 18.9 percent of respondents said they take drugs almost every day, while 62.2 percent said they never do, 13.1 percent said they rarely do and 5 percent said they sometimes do.

The way the question was worded allows for errors, Ingraham writes. The question asked about drugs and medications, but didn't specify which ones, and didn't mention alcohol or tobacco. That left interpretation of the question up to individual respondents.

A recent National Survey of Drug Use and Health said that at least 71 percent of American adults drank in the past year, and 56 percent drank in the past month, which if true, could raise the rates in most states, if respondents were to consider alcohol a mood-altering drug. (Read more) (To view this interactive Post map click here)